Sodiq Ojuroungbe
Doctors have warned that smoking and excessive alcohol consumption contribute significantly to brain shrinkage, memory loss, and increase the risk of neurodegenerative conditions such as dementia.
The experts explained that alcohol metabolism produces toxic substances that damage neurons, while smoking releases harmful free radicals and chemicals that weaken brain structures and heighten the risk of cancer.
Speaking exclusively to PUNCH Healthwise, the physicians advised Nigerians to make conscious efforts to adopt healthier lifestyles, noting that while brain ageing cannot be stopped, its progression can be slowed significantly through consistent healthy living.
A Neurosurgery Senior Registrar at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State, Dr. Abass Ajayi, stated that individuals who indulge in these harmful lifestyle habits are more likely to experience premature cognitive decline and irreversible brain damage compared to those who abstain.
Ajayi explained that chronic alcohol consumption leads to the production of toxic substances during metabolism, which directly attack and destroy neurons, the nerve cells responsible for transmitting information in the brain.
Smoking, he said, also releases free radicals and other harmful chemicals that weaken brain structures and increase the risk of cancer.
“Heavy alcohol use produces toxic substances that damage neurons, resulting in faster loss of brain cells.
“Smoking also releases free radicals and toxic chemicals that destroy brain structures and increase cancer risk,” the neurosurgeon said.
He noted that while the brain naturally shrinks as part of the ageing process, unhealthy habits like smoking and excessive drinking accelerate this decline.
The result, he said, is often seen in imaging scans where the brain of an elderly or alcohol-dependent individual appears smaller, with noticeable gaps between the brain and skull.
Ajayi warned that brain cells, unlike many other types in the body, do not regenerate once damaged.
He pointed out that prolonged alcohol abuse could lead to a deficiency in vitamin B1 (thiamine), a condition known to cause serious neurological disorders such as Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s psychosis, which manifest in confusion, memory loss, and impaired coordination.
“Neurones don’t grow back. Once they’re destroyed, the process is irreversible. That’s why it’s critical to adopt healthy habits early,” he said.
He advised Nigerians to begin paying attention to their brain health from early adulthood by avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol intake, eating nutritious meals, exercising regularly, and engaging in mentally stimulating activities such as puzzles, reading, and strategic games like chess.
He stated, “Brain ageing is a lifelong process that begins from birth. It’s influenced greatly by lifestyle choices. Eating well, exercising, and engaging your mind can make a big difference.”
He also stressed the importance of nutrition in maintaining brain health.
According to him, diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids, B-complex vitamins, and antioxidants help improve cognitive function and slow down age-related decline.
“Foods like fish, leafy vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds are beneficial to the brain. These provide essential nutrients that support neuronal health,” he added.
Also speaking, a registered dietitian-nutritionist, Olusola Malomo, advised the public to incorporate more nuts and seeds into their daily diet.
He said these foods are packed with omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory compounds that not only benefit the brain but also reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
“Although nuts and seeds are high in fats, they are healthy fats, mainly monounsaturated and polyunsaturated, and they help lower inflammation. Almonds, walnuts, flaxseeds, and chia seeds are particularly rich in brain-friendly nutrients,” Malomo said.
He explained that antioxidants protect the brain from oxidative stress, which is one of the leading causes of neuronal damage and ageing.
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